| Property | Specification |
| Appearance | Light brown to dark brown fibrous material |
| Odor | Earthy, neutral |
| Texture | Spongy, soft, and granular |
| Moisture Content | 10–20% (in dry form) |
| Bulk Density | 80–100 kg/m³ (dry), 400–600 kg/m³ (wet) |
| Water Holding Capacity | 600–800% of its dry weight |
| pH Range | 5.5 – 6.8 |
| Electrical Conductivity (EC) | < 0.5 mS/cm (low EC grade), up to 2 mS/cm (high EC) |
| Particle Size | Fine to coarse (0.5 mm – 20 mm) |
| Organic Matter Content | 90–95% |
| Ash Content | 1–2% |
| Cation Exchange Capacity | 60–130 meq/100g |
| Color | Brown (varies by source and age) |
| Decomposition Rate | Slow (biodegradable over several years) |